The Tragic Flaw of Hamlet Essay - 792 Words

The Tragic Flaw of Hamlet One of the greatest works in literature, Shakespeares Hamlet has been the topic of controversial discussion ever since it was written. The controversies range from Is Hamlet truly mad, to Is Hamlet really in love with Ophelia. The most intriguing topic of discussion though, is Hamlets fatal flaw. As in all Shakespearean works, there is always a tragic hero. This hero is always the person that the audience comes to love, however every tragic hero has to have some kind of a tragic flaw that eventually leads to his downfall. Many critics have different ideas of what Hamlets flaw is, some believe it is his procrastination, others his deep moral sensibility, or his high idealism, and so on. These†¦show more content†¦After this soliloquy, Shakespeare then goes right into the supernatural meeting between Hamlet and the ghost of Hamlets dead father. What the ghost tells him is what the rest of the play is centered around. The death and unnatural murder of his father must be avenged by Hamlet. The way to seek revenge is to take the life of the one that took his fathers life, so in essence killing him. Hamlet must now deal with death in its entirety until he avenges his fathers death, and the only way to do that is by causing more death. The whole escapade of his dead father coming back to tell him all this causes Hamlet to think about death like no other. He has now experienced a real ghost coming back from beyond the grave; this heightens Hamlets curiosity about death, and causes him to contemplate it even more. The personal relationships that have gone bitter are almost as devastating to Hamlet as the physical appearance of a ghost. The relationship between his mother and he are dead, because she married his uncle. Hamlet now feels that no one can understand the agony he is going through due to his fathers death. Ophelia, the love of his life has respected her fathers decision to stay away from Hamlet.Show MoreRelatedHamlet As A Tragic Flaws1515 Words   |  7 Pagesliterary characters have flaws of some kind as this gives them a three dimensional quality. However, in the case of fatally flawed characters, these flaws are so deeply formed that they are doomed to failure and demise. In William Shakespeare s Hamlet, a tragedy, the majority of the characters are doomed or flawed in some way that ultimately results in their failure. Through his portrayal of several secondary characters, Shakespeare proves that all humans possess a tragic flaw in their nature whichRead MoreHamlets Tragic Flaw Essay692 Words   |  3 PagesHamlet#8217;s Tragic Flaw It is better not to put off till tomorrow what you can do today. Many consequences can arise when one procrastinates. An example of this is found in Shakespeare#8217;s Hamlet through the depiction of the central character. Although Hamlet is characterized as daring, brave, loyal, and intelligent, he is overwhelmed by his own conscience. The tragic hero is defined as one whose downfall is brought about due to their tragic flaw. Hamlet#8217;s inability to actRead MoreHamlet Tragic Flaw Analysis1522 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Hamlet is considered one of the greatest tragedies ever written, and it has sparked a few controversial discussions amongst critics, the most intriguing topic being Hamlet’s ‘tragic flaw’. It was A.C. Bradley who popularised this concept of a ‘tragic flaw’ which was translated and based around Aristotle’s model of tragedy. He suggests that the reason Hamlet delayed the act of avenging his fatherà ¢â‚¬â„¢s murder was due to possessing a tragic flaw; the inability to act. Whereas, criticRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Oedipus And Hamlet1829 Words   |  8 PagesThe tragic flaw of a human being is usually checked with the method he or she reacts with to the circumstances that life throws upon him or her. Contemporary society appears to be fixated on giving gatherings of people cases of such individuals who, in spite of the affliction of their lives, that still transcend. In fact, maybe nobody is more fit for indicating triumph over struggles than Sophocles and William Shakespeare. In both Oedipus and Hamlet, for example, the primary characters struggle withRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare774 Words   |  4 PagesA tragic flaw is a deficiency in a person that brings them sorrow and misery. A high percentage of individuals have some type of tragic flaw that earns them misery, wether it be a relatively small issue like being a tad lazy, or something bigger like showing open contempt for others. Both these flaws are a detriment to individuals and will hinder them in their lives. In the play, Hamlet there are a number of characters that have tragic flaws, including Gertrude and her inability to be loyal andRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Shakespeare s Hamlet1399 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Hamlet is a moral that rings true today: do not involve others with your own problems. In Hamlet, Shakespeare s utilization of hamartia and tragedy brings the overall moral into light in a dramatized manner. The two are especially prominent near the climax and finale of the play. Hamartia appears first, as it deals with the leading male of the story, and actually aids in the deliverance of tragedy in the final scene of Act V. Hamartia is a literary device Shakespeare uses in Hamlet; the mainRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Shakespeare s Hamlet1734 Words   |  7 PagesJacqueline Borutski ENG4U Mr. Froome April 11, 2016 The Tragic Overuse of Logic in Hamlet Logic is man s most valuable asset; it is what pushed humanity past other species and helped develop humankind into what it is today. Without such logic and reasoning, humanity would not have evolved into the strongest and most powerful beings alive. It is what has enabled us to dominate the world, create civilization, unlock the secrets of the universe through math and science and reveal the true natureRead MoreThe Flaws of the Tragic Hero Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesThe Flaws of the Tragic Hero Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet With Hamlet being generally labeled as the best tragic hero ever created, it is ironic that his tragic flaw has never been as solidly confirmed as those of most of his fellow protagonists. There is Macbeth with his ambition, Oedipus with his pride, Othello with his jealousy, and all the others with their particular odd spots. Then there is Hamlet. He has been accused of everything and of nothing, and neither seems to stick. Flaws areRead More Hamlets Hesitation as his Tragic Flaw in Hamlet by Shakespeare797 Words   |  4 PagesHamlets Hesitation as his Tragic Flaw in Hamlet by Shakespeare In the play Hamlet, Hamlet is described as daring, brave, loyal, and intelligent. However, he is always consumed by his own thoughts, this being his tragic flaw. There are numerous times Hamlet does not act when he should, like his inability to act on his fathers murder, his mothers marriage, and his uncles assuming of the throne. Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder, says the ghost of Hamlet. The fact that his ownRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare648 Words   |  3 PagesTo be, or not to be, or maybe just to pretend to be – Hamlet - make up your mind already! Before discussing Hamlet’s hamartia, please let me say that Hamlet is one of my all-time favorite plays. Yes, it is tragic. Yes, they all fall in the end. But, good lord, what action! So, what is this shortcoming the unfortunate Hamlet possesses that brings about his undeserved end? Before discussing the frailty of this tragic hero, let us examine the word, hamartia, used by Aristotle in â€Å"The Poetics†. Hamartia

Gandhi The World Of Mahatma Gandhi - 1320 Words

Evan Zuniga Professor Krupnik Comparative World Religions May 6, 2016 Research Paper: Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi, better known to the world as Mahatma Gandhi is one of the world’s main faces when we think or talk of the Indian independence movements, women’s rights and all around freedom for humanity. This individual used strategies and tactics of his own to achieve justice for the Indian culture while he was alive. Gandhi also worked to reform traditional Indian society in India as he was a mahatma, a Hindu term in the Hindu religion meaning â€Å"great soul†, for his people in the Indian independence movement. In this paper I am going to illustrate Gandhi’s early life, his life work, his contribution to the Hindu religion, how he is honored and how he influences the world today. Mahatma Gandhi was the fourth child of the prime minister of his birthplace, the tiny city-state of Porbandar, India. Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 to father Karamchand Gandhi and mother Putlibai Gandhi. As a child, Mahatm a received normal education, only to be married at the age of 13 by his family’s order. Mahatma married a girl by the name of Kasturba from another locally important family. They would be married until Kasturba’s death in 1944. After the death of Mahatma’s father in 1885, the Gandhi family decided that Mahatma should depart to Great Britain to study law in hopes that he might enter the civil service of local Indian prince. In 1885, Mahatma moved to GreatShow MoreRelatedGandhi : Man Of Power853 Words   |  4 Pages Gandhi: Man of Power When we think of leaders, we all have certain characteristics that come to mind. We consider those who are leaders, to be a person who had done something special in their time. That something may have changed something in their local community, or it may have changed the world (Lal, 2015). World history has known many examples of leaders that made a big change in the world. In the United States, there is little doubt that Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King are examples ofRead MoreMahatma Gandhi – The Great Soul. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi,1235 Words   |  5 PagesMahatma Gandhi – The Great Soul Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, better known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Kathiawar, India. At that time, it was part of the British Empire. His father served as a chief minister in Porbander and other states in western India. His mother was extremely religious and fasted on a regular basis. Mohandas grew up worshiping the Hindu god Vishnu and following Jainism, which is a morally stringent ancient Indian religion that advocated non-violenceRead MoreHitler vs. Gandhi1721 Words   |  7 PagesGandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in the small western Indian state of Porbandar under the name Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Ghandis Life) . When Gandhi was finished with high school, he entered a small Indian college, the Samaldas College at the University of Bombay (Mahatma). After beginning his education here, however, he decided he disliked and traveled to the University College London, leaving his wife and infant son (Ghandis Life). It was while attending sch ool in London that heRead MoreMahatma Gandhi, Athenian Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesIn this world, there are two kinds of persons and every person in the world either has a good side or an evil side. In â€Å"My Graduation Speech† by Neil postman, Mahatma Gandhi shows some characteristics of an Athenian. Athenians took interest in public affairs and the improvement of public behaviour and so did Gandhi. He also inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Mahatma Gandhi believed that the wrong acts done by people are acts of violence against the social order andRead MoreMahatma Gandhi Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesMahatma Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi, known as Mahatma Gandhi. Also known as Mahatma the great soul, was the father of modern India. He originally came from Western India, a city called Porbandar. He was born on 2nd October 1869. Gandhi was on of the youngest of the three sons of Karamchand Gandhi, who was a Prime Minister successively in Porbandar, Rajkot and Vankaner States. Gandhis mother was Putlibai, Karamchand Gandhis fourth wife. In 1876 he attended a primaryRead MoreResearch Paper On Mahatma Gandhi792 Words   |  4 Pages Mahatma Gandhi Intro: Mahatma Gandhi was the primary leader of India’s Independence movement, He was the person who thought about India, and gave all the rights that India deserved, when the great britain took over India. Mahatma Gandhi was born on the 2nd of october, 1869, in a village called porbandar, gujarat, India. Mahatma Gandhi had an early life struggle, he had a south african journey, he created a salt march, he did all of this just for India’s Independence. Mahatma Gandhi’s real nameRead MoreMahatma Gandhis Path to peace Essay examples788 Words   |  4 Pages Mahatma Gandhi once said, â€Å"I wish for equality for all people, except for photographers and journalists† (â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi biography†). Gandhi was commonly known for his loving personality and his passion for life and equality. It was his mission to free India from the clutches of the British Empire and he will be remembered as one of the greatest pacifists to walk this earth. However, to ach ieve all of his objectives for truth and equality, he would have to overcome many adversities and hardshipsRead MorePeace And Nonviolent Beliefs Of Mahatma Gandhi1090 Words   |  5 Pagesand Nonviolent Beliefs of Mahatma Gandhi Nikki Henkell WOH1030 - Summer 2014-B Prof. Forsythe Mahatma Gandhi, compared to a saint and even an Indian Christ (Blanchot, M. 2012), believed in nonviolence and the practice of Ahimsa, which means love (Gandhi). Ahimsa believes in doing no harm to any living creature, either to the physical body and to the mind. â€Å"Ahimsa requires deliberate self-suffering, not a deliberate injuring of the supposed wrong-doer.† (Gandhi). In 1999 Time MagazineRead MoreGandhi s Life And Achievements1400 Words   |  6 Pages Gandhi is one of the most beloved and recognized public figures in modern history. His life, teachings and brilliant strategies brought peace and happiness to billions of people worldwide. Born Mohandas K. Gandhi in 1869 to modest parents in Porbandar India, the young pupil went on to study law in England. Gandhi was married to his wife, Kasturbai, at age thirteen, as is the custom in India for arranged marriages. After finishing law school in England and passing the bar, Gandhi, his wife and twoRead MoreMahatma Gandhi Speeches904 Words   |  4 PagesMahatma Gandhi â€Å"The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others.† (BrainyQuote.com). Mahatma Gandhi participated in many mentionable functions throughout his life. He help Indians gain rights in Africa, to going on a fast to promote what he believed was right. He was an important tribute to India, and many people look up to him for his bravery. His childhood experiences, adult life struggles, and middle age successes tell his story well. Mahatma Gandhi went through many

Cause and Effect on Smoking Cigarettes free essay sample

Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to the body for many reasons, and it also affects not only human beings but our environment. Smoking cigarettes can be harmful to both the environment and humans because of the many chemicals and substances that produce this hazardous product. Smoking cigarettes reduces your ability to do things that require endurance, such as sports, and exercise. The tar in the cigarettes covers up alveoli, which help you breathe, which makes for less surface area for gas exchange. In other words, you must breathe more to get the same amount of oxygen as if you didn’t smoke. So the effect that has on sports is that you will get tired quicker due to the lack of oxygen, which inevitably reduces your endurance. This causes you to become tired and you do not have the energy to fulfil the sport you are playing such as basketball, baseball, football,etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause and Effect on Smoking Cigarettes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Smoking cigarettes can also make you tired when you are trying to exercise. You start to become weary when you are trying to run on the treadmill, or even when lifting weights. Smoking cigarettes make you lose your breathe faster and you become weak to even finish your minimum amount of exercising routine. You can become ill because you feel nausea or weak, and this can cause you to faint . Exercising is necessary when you want to be healthy and fit. If you smoke while you are pursuing these goals this can affect your health and your goal of losing the weight. Smoking makes you become restless abundantly and you start to lose focus on the goals you want to achieve in sports or in exercising. Smoking can seriously harm your body in ways of cancer and emphysema. The 1982 United States surgeon general’s report stated that â€Å"cigarette smoking is the major single cause of cancer mortality (death) in the United States. Tobacco use is responsible for 1 in 5 deaths in the United States. Cigarette smoking and tobacco use acquired behaviors- activities that people choose to do- smoking is the most preventable cause of death in our society. Many people smoke cigarettes because it is addictive and they become bored with their lives so they tune out other positive routines and habits and smoke cigarettes to make them feel different or to soothe their nerves or stress. Emphysema destroys the lung tissue which results in the obstruction of airflow and causes inflammation and irritation of airways that can add to airflow obstruction. The immune cells in the lungs, whose job it is to prevent and fight infection, are also affected by the cigarette smoke. They cannot fight bacteria as effectively or clear the lungs of the many particles (such as tar) that cigarette smoke contains. Society smoke cigarettes in order to make them happy or to make them feel like they can relieve their problems from using this product. However, if they learn to channel this energy and budget into something more positive it can help with their health and financial stability as well. Smoking cigarettes can be harmful to not only the person smoking them but the people that are around them as well. For example a mother that smokes cigarettes in her home is not only risking her health but her children health as well. The children can have asthma or bronchitis growing up and this can be harmful to their health when they are trying to grow up and be healthy adults. The start to form a habit that progresses through each generation of the family and like a domino effect everyone in the family is prone to this expensive and unhealthy habit. The children have cancer growing up or they choose to not participate in sports in grade school. Smoking cigarettes indirectly affects others health. Direct contributors to the environments pollution- pollutes the air and ground 4,000 chemicals are present in tobacco in which are breathed out and release into the atmosphere. Out of the total North America population 30% of them are smokers and the percentage of the smoking population in developing countries is much higher. Smoking pollutes land and water, cigarette butts are left on the ground, ending up in rivers and lakes. Animals eat the butts causing death to fishes and other animals. Butts take 25-26 years to decompose. The various additives and chemicals are leached into the soil, polluting the soil as well as plants. During dry seasons cigarette butts can even cause major fire, which is harmful for the environment. Ground can be used for soil to produce other products for our country and third world countries. Food is needed for our economy budget between imports and exports. Cigarettes can be harmful to the soil and this can cause for our country to have another expensive budget. Making our taxes higher, and having yet another recession. Cigarette smoking is not only directly harmful for the body but is harmful to the economy. In conclusion you can understand that cigarettes smoking causes a problem not only for our health but also for the environment. It is a direct and indirect hassle that can eventually destroy our population and our country.

Try, Try Again! Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Try, Try Again! Bedraggled, disheartened and blanketed with mud, I sat on the sidewalk blubbering while the tears dripped down my knee. As I watched the salty droplets trickle down my dingy leg and meld with the crimson driblets oozing from my ragged shins, I felt a certain overwhelming feeling of helplessness, of defeat. After a comfortable amount of time was spent wallowing in self-pity, my relentless attitude proficiently mustered the nerve to get back on my very first bicycle and give it another try. I was on my way to conquer one of my first aquaintences with adversity. Excellence and success is not achieved in perfection but in knowing you tried your best. This is definitely the most powerful virtue that I've cultivated throughout the years.From learning to walk to learning to drive and all the obstacles that I faced in between I was always able to employ this adage and trust that belief in it would get me through whatever challenge I faced. As an innocent, radiant slip of a girl I embarked on my first steps of life. I fell, and fell again until my bottom was bruised , I'm sure. Nonetheless, I never gave up, and was up and running around in no time! I was ready for bigger and better things. Before long it was time for school. This, by far, has been the most challenging endeavor midst the years. No matter what I always gave it my all and managed to remain a high honors student throughout a majority of my academic career until I was faced with an even larger task...highschool. With problems developing in the family I became incredibly withdrawn and unfotunately, indifferent. By my junior year I was feeling so overwhelmed that ,in essense , I surrendured to failure. I barely had the ambition to go to school let alone do well in my classes. I was accepting defeat and very low grades at that. Then, one day, a teacher said something to me that evoked thought, a second look at my situation. While staying after school, my english teacher said, ?Jessica, you're a very intelligent girl, and you have the ability to achieve much higher grades, but you aren't trying which is sad because there are kids that try so hard and can't earn the grades that you're so capable of. ? I went home and I thought long and hard about what she'd said. I was forgetting the very value that was the foundation of anything I had ever surmounted any achievment I had ever made. I was trying, therefor I wasn't achieving. After this my grades gradually began to raise jsut in time to allow me to pass for the year. Now, the new obstacles of my senior year and college lay ahead and I am ready to give it all I've got while I eagerly embark on my adventure to a successful future! Acceptance Essays

Circular Motion Practical Essay Example

Circular Motion Practical Paper The graphs show that there is a positive correlation between force applied and speed of rotation, as well as a positive correlation between radius and speed. Both of this satisfies the centripetal acceleration formula a=v^2/R  For test 1, force is being increased and mass is constant, thus the acceleration will increase base on Newtons second law F=ma. Since the radius is kept constant, as acceleration increases, v^2 should increase, and so will v. Therefore it is true that a positive correlation occurs between the force applied and the speed. But us we can see from the graph, the line thus not go through the origin, suggesting that they are not directly proportional. For test 2, force and mass is kept constant, therefore acceleration would stay the same base on Newtons second law F=ma. Hence as the radius is increasing, v^2 should increase and so will v. This supports the experimental results which show that there is a positive correlation between radius and speed. Yet they are not directly proportional as the line do not cut through the origin.  Yet for both graphs the line should cut through the origin. For test one instead of cutting through the origin, the line has a y-intercept of around 1.3.This is obviously ridiculous as it is suggesting that when there is the force is 0N, the object will is rotation at 1.3ms^-1, and thus accelerating constantly. We will write a custom essay sample on Circular Motion Practical specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Circular Motion Practical specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Circular Motion Practical specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is obviously impossible as an object cannot accelerate without force applied. It is obviously that there are errors in this experiment that cause this problem. Indeed there are several systematic and random error. The main systematic error is neglecting the effect of frictional force on the moving object. The random error being simply human reflexes, which can have significant variations. These errors will be further explained in the Evaluating procedures section. Evaluating Procedures  There are a number of errors in this experiment which needs to be addressed.  The first error is to neglect the frictional force on the moving object. This is a systematic error as it affects every measurement the same way and thus creating a constant deviation from the real values. The frictional force would slow down the object, making the speed slower than it should be (in a frictionless world), causing the speed to be lower than the accept value. Another main error that affects the result of this experiment is human reflex. A human reflex is a type of random error, as it could vary a lot from one measurement to another. Yet one can still say the human reflex is also a systematic error, and it does affect every measurement, it is just the magnitude of the effect that is different. Now let examine how the affect of human reflex can enlarge the difference in values as the speed increases (time decreases). Let use test 1 as example. Test 1 states that the radius remains constant for all measurements (which means the length in which the object circulars remain the same. Thus as the force increases (leads to an increase in acceleration), the time decreases. Lets take the 2 extreme cases, 4.87 sec and 2.52 sec. lets assume that the experiment as an 0.1 sec of reflex time, that is, the experiment will push the stop button 0.1 sec after the object stops moving. Now lets calculate the percentage of human reflex in these 2 measurements. The results are 0.1/1.14=2.05% and 0.1/0.64=3.97%. This shows that the human reflex accounts for a larger portion of the recorded time as the length of the time is shortened (ie, faster speed). This is how the human reflex error can have a larger effect when the acceleration is faster, thus deviating the value from the true value. The human reflex error can cause another problem for in this experiment. Lets take a look at the last test in test 1. The average time over 10 rotations is 2.52 seconds, an average of 0.252 seconds per a rotation. 0.252 seconds is an extremely short time span, and humans might not be able to react in such a fast time, making the object rotate more than it should be.  Due to the influence of the systematic and random errors above, the accuracy and precision of this experiment are still relatively low. Even though the data are not very accurate and prise, there are ways to improve it, which would be discussed in the next section. A few of variables are controlled during the course of the experiment to make this a fair test. In test 1, the radius in which the object rotates, the mass of the object are kept constant. Whilst in test 2, the force applied and the mass of the object are kept constant.  Improving the Investigation  A number of weaknesses have been identified in the previous section. Lets examine and see what could have been done to minimus the effect of these errors and thus improve the both accuracy precision of the data. The first weakness is ignoring the effect of friction on the rotating object. The most obvious way to solve this problem is to take into account of the friction in the calculation, and thus calculate all the frictional force acting on the body. Yet this method is indeed not very practical, as it is extremely difficult (at least for us student) to measure all the fictional. Even if we managed to measure all these fictions it would still be too trivial to calculate and thus have the risk of making arithmetic errors. So maybe the most practical way to solve this problem is just assign an overall estimate of the frictional force, this could minimus the error (better than when friction is not taken into account), and hence hopefully improve the accuracy of the data. The second major weakness in this experiment is the human reflex problem, which causes the result to deviate away from the true value. A practical solution would be to increase the radius of rotation and the mass object. Why? As we see from above sections, the reaction time has a larger effect well the time frame is smaller. By increase the radius and mass, the time in which the object travels is lengthened, and thus minimus the effect of human reflex in the data. There is another minor problem with the stop watch, we have pre-knowledge of the result of the experiment (ie, in test 1 I know according the Newtons second law, the time should decrease). This would tend to make the experimenter to manipulate the results, and unconsciously press the stop button faster, thus making the measurements fairly inaccurate. This problem is hard to solve and the only solution is to have an electric sensor.  The small range of data is also a minor problem in this experiment, especially at the timing aspect. 3.24s and 3.64 is so small that humans dont actually feel the difference, thus making the measurements very inaccurate, and thus it is advisable to increase the range of the data.

Morals And Orders in Guests of the Nation

Morals And Orders in Guests of the Nation Morals and OrdersThere is a superstition that under danger men can be expected to have more than their normal powers, and that they will outdo their best efforts simply because their lives are in danger. Indeed, in many ways the reality is just the opposite, and individuals under stress are far less capable of doing anything other than blindly running from or charging toward a threat. There are institutions in society that people turn to to help determine what is right and wrong. Most people believe that the laws of society are right and it is our duty to follow them. The majority of people stop at a stop sign even when there is no one else at an intersection. Sometimes what is legally right and what is morally right do not coincide with each other. The characters in "Guests of the Nation" are forced to decide whether to follow orders or their stick to their own personal beliefs.Microsoft NarratorIt is often hard to stick with our personal views when trying to accept something that i s believed to be wrong. The characters in "Guests of the Nation" struggle with the acceptance of a very emotional change in their lives that causes them to take a different outlook on life. "And anything that happened to me afterwards, I never felt the same about again." (O'Connor 1100) The narrator has made it through this gruesome experience and realizes that life must go on. The narrator also understands that he is a changed man, never to be the same again. The sun rises every morning and falls every night. Understanding that life goes on is a key remedy in solving dreadful memories of the past.The question of whether change is positive or negative is opinionated and...

Marketing Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Discussion - Assignment Example For example, I got ripped off when the seller sold me an 8 oz bottle of mineral water at $5 each stating the water has health-revitalizing ingredients. Next day, I later learned that the all mineral water competitors, regardless of price sell the same type of mineral water. I could have bought a lower priced competitor’s product and save money for a snack food. Two days later, I took advantage of a store’s â€Å"discount sale† promotion and saved 70 percent on my purchase. Further, the average company can honestly make profits and similarly offer value to its current and prospective customers. To increase customer demand, the company must advertise the benefits of buying its products. For example, AMD grabbed a huge share of the Intel’s computer chip market segment because Microsoft refused to incorporate the changing needs of its current clients (Jagpal, 2008). REFERENCES: Jagpal, S. (2008). Fusion for Profit: How Marketing and Finance Can Work Together t o Create Value. New York: University Press. Lilien, G. (2012). Principles of Marketing . New York: Decision Pro Press. Question 5) Nike, Gatorade, and other companies implement both emotional and intellectual marketing strategies (Moehlman, 2010). Nike persuades its current and prospective customers that its shoe products are high quality products and fashion trend makers, a necessary ingredient of sport lifestyles (Hill, 2009). Gatorade insists that Gatorade is a high quality sports ability enhancing beverage, thirst quencher plus energy drink (Nestle, 2007). Further, the product advertising’s promise of a better sports life makes the consumer feel they are reaping the advertisement’s promises. For example, the Nike shoe wearer feels proud he or she intelligently bought and current feels the quality comfort. Consequently, other competitive products offer different benefits. For example, including Coke and Pepsi beverages, offers different benefits that include lower p rices and availability of the products. The companies maximize the point of differentiation in marketing communications by focusing on a market niche. Nike focuses on selling sports shoes. Gatorade markets sports drinks. REFERENCES: Hill, C. (2009). Strategic Management Theory. New York: Cengage Learning Press. Lilien, G. (2012). Principles of Marketing . New York: Decision Pro Press. Moehlman, M. (2010). Target Market. New York: BeWrite Press. 6) The United States sports shoe industry includes many competitors. The sports shoe industry caters to the shoe needs of athletes, sports buffs, and sports shoe lovers. Nike is the industry leader (2011 $24.13 billion) generating the highest 2011 revenue. Adidas is the challenger (2011 $18.82 billion) because of its lower revenue. Further, Adidas will exert additional efforts to reach Nike’s higher revenue level. To increase revenues, the three company types (leader, follower, and nicher) allocate significant budgets to advertise thei r products’ many advantages (Lamb, 2011). The three sports shoe competitors offer quality luxury products at competitive store prices. Each competitor offers comfort, reasonable price, and quality shoe products. The company having the best advertising appeal, pricing, availability or location, will win the current and prospective clients’ mind, heart, and money (Graf, 2009). Puma is the nicher (2011 $3.9 billion) by creating unique, individual, personalized products

Nursing care during Primary Angioplasty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing care during Primary Angioplasty - Essay Example Details to be collected typically include – onset duration progress of cardiac symptoms, similar complaints in the past, any other major illnesses like diabetes, hypertension, medicines with dosage, previous surgeries, any allergies, etc. Details are provided to the respective physician and orders noted accordingly. Meanwhile the patient and the relatives are provided counseling and assurance. Coronary Angioplasty is planned in this patient to widen the occluded coronary artery. These arteries supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscles. These arteries get occluded due to fatty tissue or atheroma resulting in reduced blood supply to the heart causing chest pain. Angioplasty is performed to open up the blocked vessels by compressing fatty tissue against anterior coronary vessel wall. This procedure helps to improve blood flow through the vessels to the heart muscles and helps in relieving chest pain. Also, this procedure is advised when - a. Medicines like calcium channel bloc ker, beta adnergic blockers or nitrates fail to correct coronary heart disease symptoms (NICE technology appraisal guidance 71) or b. There is recurrence of chest pain post CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery). Coronary angioplasty can be planned procedure or an emergency procedure in the case of heart attack and unstable chest pain with acute myocardial infarction. (Coronary Angioplasty and Stents) This operation is performed either through radial artery or femoral artery. Radial route is more popular in recent times because radial artery is easily accessible and palpable. Its superficial location makes it easy to compress to achieve homeostasis later on. Normal Allen’s test ensures dual blood supply to hand. So in case of bruise to radial artery or radial blood flow shunt, hands will still receive perfusion through Ulnar artery without feeling any damage. There is less chance of nerve injury in radial method. This approach provides comfort to the patient as it allows them ability to mobilize. It is easier for the patient to notice and control any bleeding from the radial incision, the femoral artery lies deeper in leg, so compressing the artery is difficult and by the time hematoma is noted bleeding would be significant. Radial artery method is cost effective too. (Radial Approach to Cardiac Catheterisation). Coronary Angiography is performed with the Angioplasty in an emergency. Angiogram allows doctor to look inside coronary arteries and find out how severe and where the narrowed areas are. (Coronary Angioplasty and Stents) Patient is advised what medicines to be avoided on the day of the procedure, such as aspirin or any anti coagulant, which medicines should be stopped few days before the procedure and what additional medicines need to be taken. He/she is also informed about the details of the procedure along with the effect of anesthetic drugs during and after the procedure. Doctor explains about the nature of pain the patient may have. Nu rsing staff ensures that patient would not eat or drink anything 4 -5 hours before the procedure. Proper consent is taken from the patient and relatives informing them about the complication involved in it. Nursing staff prepares the patient for the procedure by checking

Impact of Government Spending on the Private Sector Essay - 86

Impact of Government Spending on the Private Sector - Essay Example According to the study the increase in in consumption expenditure by the government relatively results to an increase in investments. Notably, the optimum consumption expenditure is about 300000 unit price across the years in UK. In the same manner, the U.S. government expenditure acts the same as the one of the U.K. Evidently, the steady increase in expenditure by the government has lead increased investment by the private sector to an optimum of about 2700 unit cash. The difference arises by the fact that the U.K has consumes more in terms of cash than the U.S but the pattern is quite the same. From this discussion it is clear that   the graphs indicates that an increase in government need for more goods, leads to an increase in production of the same by the investors. Hereby, when the U.K government spends more products for its citizen, the private sector has to increase their production in an almost similar rate. Though not steady, the increased spending has in the years lead to the development of private sectors. Going by this fact, we can also note that the real U.S government expenditure acts the same way. However, the difference arises in that, the U.S government has a lesser consumption rate, the investment is relatively lesser compared to that of the U.K. In this manner we can conclude that the government spending on good positively affects the private industry. The government expenditure in terms of cash per gross domestic product in viewed in relation to the gross fixed capital per gross domestic product. By the look of the table, one can clearly notice that the re lacks a particularly distinct pattern to define the graph. Each year has a different value in relation to the two per GDP/s. the lesser the government spends per unit GDP, the lesser the physical assets produced by the investors.  

Socialisation Is A Fundamental Sociological Concept Sociology Essay

Socialisation Is A Fundamental Sociological Concept Sociology Essay Socialisation is a fundamental sociological concept as it is the way we learn to be a functioning part of the society we are in, how to become a member of the group. Socialisation starts from the moment we are born and there are many arguments that help to show how such socialisation is a continuous process. It continues throughout our lives to help us fit into and be accepted into the many groups within society that we encounter during our lifetime or to just adjust to the changes in our existing community. Although an Important social topic that affects all members of society at one time, widespread mainstream literature concerning gender socialisation is difficult to come by. As mentioned, socialisation starts from the day we are born, the very start, so to help understand socialisation as a whole, developing an understanding of some of its parts is helpful. For this piece of work I shall be focusing on gender socialisation and the impact it has on an individuals socialisation into society. The concept of gender socialisation helps us to understand how the notion of gender, what is expected of individuals as males and females in society and how much it matters. Throughout examining literature for this topic I hope to gain a better understanding of what academic sociologist have to say on this topic. The aim is to try to Identify important factors that impact gender socialisation and what literature is current on a similar topic. Has there been a change in attitude to such gendered socialisation and the idea or construction of gender? What are these and how are these developing; I.e. gendered parenting/modern schooling? I also would like to explore nature vs. nurture/boy vs. girl/male vs. female. What are these titles and how are they explained in a sociological way. I hope to gain a greater concept of gender theories and what is already known about my chosen topic. To help to develop my understanding of sociological explanations for gender socialisation I have approached several academic texts to help guide and aid my understanding. The first book that I revised is The Paradoxes of Gender (1999) by Judith Lorber. Written by Feminist and sociologist Lorber I found that this book challenges the basic idea we may hold of gender and its construction. Lorber argues that gender is a social fact constructed wholly by socialisation. Lorber also notes that gender is also a social institution, comparable to religion, the economy and the family as with it follows consequences and social significance. As a feminist Lorbers work focuses on the need for gender and how it is an inevitable fact that is important not only for the identity of an individual but also for societys construction. While I initially focused on Lorbers Text for a main point of reference I also followed up with works such as Women, Men and Society (1999) Renzetti and Curran, The Gender T rap (2012) Emily W Kane. These texts form the primary reading for this lit review. I supplemented these with more classical theory books such as Marx, Weber, Durkheim and Classical Sociological theory (2006) What is gender socialisation? There are many different theories of how gender socialisation happens and how/when it occurs. To help understand gender socialisation, an attempt at a definition is helpful. In its simplest form gender socialisation is how an individual learns and accepts the expected gender norms and values of the culture and society they are born into. Through this education they begin to develop a sense of identity and their ideas of gender become internalised and guide their behaviour. The Paradoxes of Gender (1994) attempts to explore all areas of Gender and the influences they have on gender identity and wider gender influences. To help with gender socialisation there are ideas within the wider concept that help to make up a persons gender socialisation. Lorber sees Gender norms as a set of rules appropriate for males and females; they are a set of expectations these expectations help to dictate how men and women are labelled, and therefore how they should behave. The rules and expectations follow on to become internalised and help to forma gender identity, which leads us to the second point highlighted to help gain an understanding of gender socialisation; Gender identity. Sociologists make a clear distinction between gender and sex. A persons sex is biological determined and gender is culturally learnt. Gender identity goes beyond just recognising the physical biological gender characteristics belonging to male and female and identifying them from each other. Gender identity is in fact an internal personal conception of how an individual view themselves as male or female. Gender cannot be equated with biol ogical and physiological differences between human males and females. The building blocks of gender are socially constructed. (Lorber 1994:17) How gender socialisation impacts Individuals life choices. Gender socialisation impacts all areas of social life and therefore does in fact make it an important topic of study. The way an individual is socialised in terms of their gender has an overall impact on daily life including that of social self, self-concept and the way we conduct personal relationships with others and the perceptions we make. Family, friends, social peers and outside uncontrollable sources are all agents through which socialisation occurs. Religion, mass media education and pop culture are becoming ever increasingly influential over socialisation and how an individual views themselves in respect to their gender. Boys and girls are treated different right from birth, this treatment is often primarily from members of their own environment, such as their parents, siblings and extended families, and the way they are treated helps them to learn the distinction between being male or female. Most parents create a gendered world for their new-born by naming, birth announcem ents and dress. Childrens relationships with same-gendered and different-gendered caretakers structure their self-identifications and personalities (Lorber 1994:25).Similar to The Paradoxes of Gender (2004), Men, Women and Society (2002) also addresses the many aspects of what we see as gender. One of the most interesting research topics explored in this book is the concept of how outside choices influence a childs gender socialisation. This is quite often transmitted through simple gestures such as the selection of gender based toys or giving a child a gender based task Research does show that children express gender based toy preferences as early as one year of age, but their toy choices may have been inspired even earlier by parental encouragement (Renzetti and Curran1999;74). These seemingly insignificant acts do in fact play a large part in the socialisation of children, and as a result how they develop their gender identity, and therefore their ender socialisation. A common th eme throughout all the literature based around gender, explore varying influences on what is gender and how it constructed. Nature vs Nurture vs gender identity. An influential and on-going debate amongst sociologists is the argument of the importance of nature vs. nurture in terms of gender socialisation. This ever evolving debate attempts to discover how a biological identity differs over individuals social surroundings to develop a gender identity. A biological and genetic gender identity fuels the nature area of debate whereas society and external influences help to form the idea of nurture. Many argue that to efficiently form an active gender identity, there must be a significant influence from either nature or nurture, but the question continues as to which is more influential, if either. In the Journal article The Nature of Gender Udry attempts to distinguish between what is sex; and what is gender. Gender is the relationship between biological sex and behaviour; a theory of gender explains the relationship. A gendered behaviour is the one that defines sex (Udry 1994;561). This idea and the theme of this article help to highlight my in itial argument about discussing how gender is a social construction. Sex is a given but a persons gender can be perceived differently dependant on how they behaviour. My project will attempt to further this idea by looking into how this behaviour is shaped and learnt. Children start to come into contact with such norms that define what it is to be masculine or feminine. What is acceptable or unacceptable behaviour is placed upon them in both conscious and unconscious ways. Young boys are taught not to show high emotion, to be strong and powerful whereas girls are showed how to be forgiving, docile and ladylike. If a child shows to be going against such expected norms then there is the chance that they can expected to be ostracised from their community or culture, or treated badly. In exceptional circumstances some cultures limit access to basic human rights such as nutrition health care. The treatment of genders in some cultures can also help to reinforce a separate gender identity, for examples in many third world cultures, girls have both different legal and ethical access to education so therefore go on to expect to be treated differently from boys, all based on their gender identity. Toy selection and clothing although seemingly innocent can i n fact play a crucial part in gender socialisation. Clothing plays a significant part in gender socialisation. As children become mobile, certain types of clothing encourage certain or discourage particular behaviours or activities (Renzetti and Curran 2002; 70) by this Renzetti and Curran refer to the idea that the way a child is dressed can influence their expected gender identity. For example a female child dressed in a soft, flowing or lace detailed dress would be expected to behave more soft and gentle compared to a male child in Denim jeans who would be accepted for rough and tumble behaviour. The Psychological and Biological explanations for gender. To develop a greater understanding of sociological explanations for gender socialisation it is also important to compare and contrast the arguments raised to those of another discipline. As Urdy notes it is important to consider new schools of thinking as social science stems from such thoughts. It is also impossible to study gender without noting the biological differences of human beings. Gender has biological foundations (Udry 1994 ; 571) One of the most prominent theories about gender acknowledgement comes from the school of psychology. Sigmund Freuds work focused on the importance of childhood and the experience that children experience that children gain throughout it, especially in relation to their gender. Freud noted that gender development is an unconscious experience that occurs through forming a bond with a parental figure. Although this project will focus on primarily the sociological explanations for gender socialisation many texts touch upon further academic disciplines who discuss the construction of gender. It is therefore important to include such references into my project, due to the reference through the literature I have reviewed. Societys expectations. Societys expectations of male and female positions within society have also changed over time. Throughout this project I hope to investigate the suggestion that societies tolerant of the changing gender of identity of females has become more positive. A rise in females in the workplace, taking on stereotypical male occupations (fire fighter, police force, and, engineer) and asserting dominance in regards to their position throughout society. Family socialisation can be seen to encourage female children to display characteristically male but male children are often scorned from displaying any stereotypical female behaviour. Girls are accepted even if they prefer to play with male orientated toys, if they were trousers or show an interest in rough and tumble but if a male child played with baby dolls or wore a dress may experience more negative reaction from society. Parents, through primary socialisation, can be seen to be more likely to encourage their daughters to these masculine qu alities then allow their sons to display feminine qualities (Van Volkon 2003) Here Van Volkon gives weight to the importance primary socialisation, through their family can have on a child. The role of women is seen to be changing in contemporary society, but does this mean that the main social gender identity is getting left behind? Conclusion. Looking at gender sociologically helps to reveal societal and cultural proportions of something that is generally thought of as biologically fixed. It helps us to understand how individuals are in a new viewpoint and to help raise and in the end answer new issues and debates surrounding gender. Throughout this project I hope to uncover answers to sociologically questions such as is gender culturally learnt? I am also interested in uncovering how important, or how much influence the family have on gender socialisation, especially in relation to children and childhood. To help with this the work of Emily Kane in The Gender Trap (2012) has proved useful. By conducting Interviews and observations of families, parents and children this literature helps to give empirical backing to the texts I have read throughout this review. Gender socialisation and how it is understood is an ongoing sociological question. Above is a brief overview of what literature I have found useful to attempt to study the subject of gender socialisation. As society can be seen as every changing I am interested in what such change, if any has on the construction and notion of gender. As understood throughout the literature reviewed modern institutions, such as education and the family, have great influence on society and how its individuals are taught how to fit in. Ideas and the construction of gender are constant with more radical forms of socialisation occurring i.e. gender neutral parenting and its societal impact. Not all the literature I have come across has proved useful to my project research, but this has allowed me to learn mistakes that previous research uncovered and helped to give my research direction and fresh thinking for future research. Throughout wider reading, I have concluded that using more contemporary sources and academic texts helped to give my research weight and productive reference. Introduction. The aim of this paper is to examine the influence that family has on gender development and the socialisation process. It will focus on how family influence can affect the construction of gender identity in children from birth through to the first year in primary schooling, around 5-6 years of age and also how the process of socialisation impacts parents. I shall attempt to examine both primary and secondary influences that can shape the gender identity of a family. The first part of this paper shall look at how becoming a parent can force an individual to have an influence on the gender identity of another and how this process may change their existing gender identity. Secondly this paper shall attempt to examine how the primary socialisation process impacts female children compared with male children. Society and its actors view the world through a series of lenses: those lenses can include class, race, age and gender. Society is full of stereotypes and the expectations that come with them. Social actors have little choice but to be subjected to learning these expectations and to submit to the influence they have on their personal identity. From childhood to adulthood our identity is constantly being reinforced as to what our culture and society wants and sees as acceptable. These stereotypes are expected of everyone but in fact may not be fair to all members of society. As they move through childhood, children are influenced by those that they interact with and are taught right from birth what it is to be a successful member of society. To understand the sociological concept concerned with the construction of gender, it is important to comprehend first of all the factors that influence ones gender construction. The continuing aim of this paper is to show that it is possible to identify different areas of gender socialization, which vary in their impact on children and those around them, which are essential to build up a gender identity. The best way to understand the concept of gender is to gain a basic knowledge of the concept it. From a structural perspective, gender is seen as the division of individuals within a society into contrasting and complementary social categories; boys and girls into men and women. In this conceptualisation, gendering in the process and a gendered social order can be seen to be the product of some kind of social construction (Lorber, 1994). Gender based norms can be defined as what we expect from males and females within society whereas gender stereotypes can be seen as how a society generalizes these expectations. Gender based stereotypes are generally first thought of being taught in the home, which are later reinforced by peer interactions, education and schooling, as well as widespread media contact. It can be seen that the family unit does in fact have the largest influence on a childs gender development. Their family members, parents in particular, overtly and covertly teach their child gender roles and reinforce the ideas of gender that they hold about themselves. Both socialisation, primary and secondary, cultural expectations and given biological attributes are all seen to influence an individuals gender identity and as a result has a significant effect on their personal identity. Vuorinen Tuunala, (1997) noted that Socialisation is the process, through which the child becomes an individual respecting his or hers environments laws, norms and customs. (pg45) From this, socialisation can be seen as a fundamental sociological concept and therefore is an important area of analysis. It is the way that individuals learn to be a functioning part of society and how to become an accepted member of the social group in which they are living amongst. Socialisation starts from the moment we are born and it is seen as a continuous process. It carries on throughout our lives, to help us fit and be accepted into the many groups within society that we encounter during our lifetime or to simply adjust to the changes in our existing community. The educational function that Murdock refers to, can also be termed socialisation. The family has the responsibility of transmitting a societys way of life, norms and values to the younger members. This function is an important one as, wi thout culture, the society could not survive, and too much deviation from the norm would disrupt the stability of the society. Classical sociology has also be long concerned with the process known as socialisation. Talcott Parsons (1959) has written about the functions of the family and identified two functions that he perceives as being basic and irreducible. For Parsons, the family provided primary socialisation of children and as a result, produced the stabilisation of the personalities within adults amongst wider society. [Haralambos Holborn, 2000, p.509] How children become socialised into different characters can be based on their sex. Through this more focused form of socialisation, boys and girls are repeatedly taught what it means to be male or female and what gender roles will be expected of them is termed gender socialisation (Giddens, 1993). Although it is an important social topic that affects all members of society at one time, widespread mainstream literature concerning gender socialisation is difficult to come by. There are many different theories of how gender socialisation happens and how or when it occurs. The two main theories I shall touch upon within this paper are social learning theory and as a follow on to this, social identification theory. These two theories are concerned with the development of gender identity and attempt to explain how the environment around an individual can influence their personal and social gender identity. Social learning theory proposes, established by Bandura (1971) that both gender identity and gender role are learned through a process including observation, imitation, punishment and reinforcement. On the other hand, social identification theory developed by Tajfel and Turner (1979) as a response to Bandura is based upon the notion that an individual portrays certain behaviours or an identity that reflects the social group to which they belong, to help them adapt and adopt the ways of the group. In its simplest form, gender socialisation is how individuals learn and accept the expected gender norms and values of the culture and society they are born into. Through this education they begin to develop a sense of identity and their ideas of gender become internalised and guide their behaviour. The mass media, wide spread social norms, environmental factors such as living conditions and even language distribute the stereotypes which influence social behaviour and therefore what is expected from gender in society. These external factors contribute to categorizing members of society and placing social label upon them. Examples of labels can include race, class and most importantly for this paper, gender. A shared stereotype is when an expected behaviour or conformity is mutual and accepted by all members of the social group, the way that individuals interpret this label determines how well they are accepted into their social group. Such gender stereotypes can be seen as a set of rules appropriate for males and females. These rules help to guide how males and females are labelled by their social group and indicate how they should behave, expectations become internalised and form an individuals gender identity. Separate stereotypes are linked to male and female members of society, with no two overlapping. Men are seen to be strong and emotionless whilst women are expected to show their emotions and are seen as submissive and gentle. For example, if a woman is seen to cry at an emotional moment in a movie, in a public cinema for instance, no individual around her would glance or question it, but if a male viewer was seen to cry openly and express such intense emotion, he may be exposed to ridicule or judgement. How fair this situation may be is often debated. For this paper the question of how such judgements occur will attempt to be answered. Why have social actors been encouraged to accept such stereotypes as a given? Why do individuals therefore find themselves accepting these roles for themselves? To understand gender identity it is important to make a distinction between sex and gender. Sex involves the biological and physical differences between men and women, whilst gender is culturally and socially learnt. Terminology such as male and female are sex based categories; however masculine and feminine are gendered categories. An individuals sex is a biological fact that is the same in any culture or society, nonetheless sex categorisation means, in terms of gender role as man or woman, can be viewed extremely differently across cultures ( WHO 2013). These gender roles can have a lasting impact in an individuals public and private identity. Although often used interchangeably, sex and gender are clearly different characteristics. Gender involves social customs, attributes and behaviours whereas sex can be seen as a more personal demonstration of such characteristics. In its simplest form sex is biological and gender is sociological. Gender role is seen sociologically as the characteristics and behaviours that society can attribute to the sexes. What it means to be a real man, in any society requires a male to be both recognised biologically as a man plus what the culture of that society defines as masculine characteristics and behaviours, likewise a real woman needs biological female attributes and feminine characteristics. Such stereotypical features are clearly defined for each sex, with those who break such guidelines being seen as deviant, outcasts in their given society. This paper will look further into what are expected gender behaviours and the sociological explanations for these expected personas. Gendered differences can depend on the given society and the cultural values, economic system, history and family structures that it holds, and are thoroughly maintained through these mediums. As a result of this a continuous loop-back effect between so called gendered institutions and the social construction of gender within individuals can be seen to exist (West and Zimmerman 1987) Gender identity goes beyond just recognising the physical biological gender characteristics belonging to male and female and identifying them from each other. Gender identity is in fact an internal and personal conception of how individuals view themselves as male or female and therefore how they conduct their actions within society. Gender cannot be equated with biological and physiological differences between human males and females. The building blocks of gender are socially constructed (Lorber 1994:17). As a social group, communities are embedded with gender, all members experience gender constructed experiences throughout their childhood, adolescence and eventually adulthood. These experiences are reproduced in and through those that they interact with. To what extent individuals accept the expected gender roles they are shown is debateable although no matter how much or how little they see themselves as masculine or feminine, gender can still influence their day to day existence. British sociology saw the only significant form of stratification within any given society was that of class. The term gender wasnt mentioned in early sociological thought, with any reference to difference between men and women categorised and referred to as sex. Sex being considered as an important and influential sociological concept only came into consideration with the emerging and developing feminist perspectives of the 1970s. Feminists had to fight through traditional theories to change existing thought on the concept of differences and inequalities brought about by an individuals gender and sex identity. Socialisation is a fundamental sociological concept and can be applied to many areas of society that are seen as important to sociological study. As highlighted earlier, socialisation is defined as the way in which an individual learns to become part of a group, including wider civilization, as well as their small immediate environment and community. Socialisation begins the moment an individual is born, and they encounter different degrees of the process throughout all their life stages in order to help them adapt to each and every social group they encounter. Socialisation also helps to equip a social actor with the tools they need to cope and bend with any changes that may occur within their existing social group. Given the importance of socialisation within the discipline of sociology as a whole, concentrating on a focused area of socialisation can help with building a general knowledge that can be applied to further study of sociology and its topics. Gender is something that is experienced and encountered by all members of any given society and there are many different theories about what exactly affects an individuals gender socialisation, but this paper shall focus on early socialisation and the influence family life can have in the socialisation process. Parental influence on gender identity A childs initial experiences come from their parents; therefore as a result their first experience with gender identity also comes from their close family environment. With the advancement in technology, expectant parents can learn the sex of their unborn child as early as 14-16 weeks into a pregnancy (nhs.co.uk). From that moment the words its a boy/girl! leave the technicians mouth, gender expectations begin. The most innocent of tasks such as buying a babys first blanket is gendered. A pretty pink flowered one for your baby girl is associated with the expectation that she will be soft and delicate, whereas purchasing a vivid blue truck covered blanket for the soon to be baby boy, can be seen to set him up to be strong and tough. Associating such gender traits in a simple act may seem extreme but it is just the start of teaching a child what is expected from their gender. The process of gender socialization can be seen to begin in the context of the family (McHale et al., 2003). The family unit is the environment that a child is introduced to the world in and what their developing gender demands. Although many factors are seen to have an influence on the socialisation of a child and teaching them what is expected from their gender, parents are seen to act as the principle source of socialisation, the primary socialising agents of a childs gender roles. (Block, 1983; Witt, 1997). Studies have shown that gendered treatment of children is evident in the first 24 hours after birth. Children internalize what they see from their parents behaviour and by the age of two, they have a compressive awareness of the difference in sex roles. Ruble and martin (1998) studied preschool children whose socialisation had only occurred at home (primary) and saw that children showed awareness of stereotyped gender traits. They could recognise males as having a higher power them females, but also associated negative connotations with a male figure, such as anger or unfriendliness, whereas they saw women as having less significant social standing but associated with positive traits such as kindness and approachableness. Children also demonstrated to discover gender identity through their own gendered perception. For instance, when asked to assign a sex or gender to a neutral doll, a girl would use female associations similar to them, whereas a boy child would make the doll into a male and demonstrate traits that are associated to societys masculine gendered attributes. Parents are seen to encourage such gendered behaviour by adhering to sex-based toys and games for their children, which have a heavy influence in the construction of gender identity and stereotypes. While both mothers and fathers contribute to the gender stereotyping of their children, fathers have been found to reinforce gender stereotypes more often than mothers do (Ruble, 1988). Lytton and Romney (1991) conducted a meta-analysis of 172 parents and their treatment of the boy versus girl children they were raising. Within this study, Lytton and Romney discovered that out of multiple identified socialisation areas; the only area that showed mothers and fathers treating children differently was giving them activities based on their separate genders. Giving boys and girls activities initially based on their sex, resulted in an enforcement of gender roles and becoming gender orientated. Encouraging their daughters to play house or with dolls and prams, or by allowing their sons to play with trucks or building blocks, parents may both knowingly and unknowingly be encouraging their childs future gendered persona. Perhaps due to an influence of western culture norms, Lytton and Romney saw that parents scold and punish boys more severely in the advent of misbehaving or going out of their gendered expectations, then that they do with female children. This idea shall be further explored in a later section of this paper. A further study, this time by Cowan and Hoffman (1986), saw that a childs first words are also seen as gendered. For instance, being taught to assign a different name to each of their parents, mother for female carer and father for male carer, demonstrates how parental influence takes place. Hoffman also noted that the

Rebuilding the Government: United States History Essay

Critical Essay One Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president, was one of the most decorated commander-in-chiefs in American History, due to his never-ending push to mend our broken nation and move to the beginning. Nevertheless, many African Americans were forced to come to America to be sold into slavery in 1619. While the treatment of slaves was very unfair and, in many cases, inhumane, and was plagued with a lifetime of hard work and humiliation, after a little more than a hundred years President Lincoln took steps to not only voice his discomfort with slavery, but to do something about it. It is because of this discomfort that Abraham Lincoln notably became known as political fgure that to end slavery. Four months after the bloody Battle of Gettysburg, Abraham Lincoln gave a speech that would go down in history as one of the most influential speeches in American Historyl . The famous speech given by President Lincoln, the â€Å"Gettysburg Address,† had a specific purpose. It also allowed Lincoln to have a profound effect on the American people as a whole, as well s urge each American to look at themselves critically and promote change. Because of this accomplishment, and many more, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of America’s best presidents2. An Analysis â€Å"Gettysburg Address† President Abraham Lincoln gave the speech, â€Å"the Gettysburg Address†, on November 19 1863 at the Soldiers National Cemetery in burg, Pennsylvania3 . There were two main purposes for him writing this speech: to consecrate the cemetery at Gettysburg and start to rebuild a torn country4. Although President Lincoln’s speech was very short, sweet, and straight to the point, it was full of vital information that ould begin to reshape the American society. Lincoln starts his speech in a very unique by using the term â€Å"Four score and seven years ago, our founding fathers brought forth this continent†¦ † 5. Lincoln acknowledges the founding fathers that had discovered America eighty-seven years prior to the day he gave the speech. Due to Lincoln’s wording, this phrase became one of the most well-known and celebrated parts of â€Å"the Gettysburg Address† Although Lincoln does not make a direct statement encouraging his audience to believe that he was talking about slavery, hrough the use of context clues, one can derive that this topic was definitely heavy on his heart while making his speech. Furthermore, one could argue that since slaves were not treated equally, Lincoln used the statement of supposed American equality to remind Americans of the true foundations that America was built upon. As Lincoln continues with his speech, he began to move on to the second reason for the speech: consecrating the cemetery at Gettysburg. He accomplished this by talking about how the battlegrounds at Gettysburg should be in honor of the thousands that had lost heir lives for the citizens of America. Dedicating the battlegrounds to those that lose their lives was the start of how America would honor troops the fallen and the soldiers left behind. This was a sign of respect and appreciation for all of the troops that fought during this battle. One last profound statement that Lincoln mentions in his speech is that â€Å"the government of the people, by the people and for the people†¦. 7† Many presidents after Lincoln have quoted this part of â€Å"the Gettysburg Address,† but have fallen short, in some instances, of taking the statement as a blueprint for heir presidency and using it to help them facilitate a more well-rounded country in which the government and the people of the country are on one accord. However, the statement was supposed to suggest that the government is a group of individuals that will stand by the American people and work for them for the better good of the country. While the speech had many technical terms and references to the government and political leaders of the country, Lincoln was actually trying to reach a very diverse audience that spanned from governmental figures, to surviving soldiers, to the general American public. Abraham Lincoln will forever be embedded in history for delivering a presidency filled with work that was geared towards the best interest of the American people. Lincoln took the seat at a very difficult time in America’s early history, which was the Civil War. Lincoln made sure that after the war, that America rebuilds itself. One thing from Lincoln’s iconic speech that is not forgotten is â€Å"all men are created equal†. In todays society, all people are granted the same freedoms and equalities. It could be said that Lincolns speech though was given in 1863 was the start of the Civil Rights movement in a sense. Even though it was only around 270 words, The Gettysburg Address was a speech with many messages8. These powerful words, spoken by an influential president, was sure to promote change and equality throughout America eventually. Critical Essay 2 â€Å"l Have a Dream Speech† by Martin Luther King There has been many influential figures in American History that have provided the American people with promising messages of hope and equality for all people. One of the most influential fgures of the twenty century was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. This time period was marked by the Civil Rights Movement, which was a movement hat prompted a group of individuals to fght for the equality of African Americans. This is because â€Å"African Americans were granted better economic status after World War II but were still a disadvantaged group†. Dr. King started his non-violence approach to civil rights by first leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The purpose of the boycotts was to allow seating to be based on a â€Å"first come, first serve basis,† as advocated by Dr. King. Fueled by the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat to a Caucasian passenger resulted in her arrest. After her arrest, the ourt ruled out the fact that segregated seating was not lawful according to the constitution. The next step that King took was founding the Southern Christian Leadership, which worked to stop segregation. One of Dr. Kings â€Å"ultimate goals were to unite the broken communities through bonds of Christian love. † In 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. graced America with a speech that expressed a profound optimism of equality for all individuals in America and his own dreams and hopes for better days. The speech was entitled â€Å"l Have a Dream†. His speech changed the face of America orever, even though equality for African Americans did not occur over night. It is important to consider the message with respect to the time period in which the speech is given. Dr. King hoped for a better society as a whole; His speech was not solely in regards to the equality for African Americans, he wanted equality for all Americans in general. Analysis: â€Å"l have A Dream Speech† by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. ‘s speech entitled † I nave a Dream† was given in Washington DC at the Lincoln Memorial. King starts his introduction by eferring back to Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburgs Address â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow as we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. 10 King refers to Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation because it helped free slaves. However, he called out the fallacies in Lincoln’s speech by making note of the fact that Negroes still were not free, one hundred years after slavery had officially ended. ll During this time period, African Americans’ oppression came in the form of segregation and discrimination. Before delving into the heart of his speech, King mentions how the government had failed he African American population by pacifying them false promises and policies after the abolishment of slavery. King states, â€Å"America has given the Negro people a bad check; a check which has come back marked â€Å"insufficient funds. â€Å"12 This means, America did not grant Negros with the same equality and opportunities as Caucasians, or any other race during this time. Although the government policies banned slavery and poor treatment of African Americans, these policies had also failed the African American population by not making sure that the policies were strictly enforced. In his speech, King answers the critics when they asked, â€Å"When will ou be satisfied? 13 King gives a comprehensive list of things that would satisfy African Americans, as a whole. He mentions police brutalities and the unfair economic statutes of African Americans. King wanted to instill into the minds of the African American people that they should not be satisfied with these injustices, but fght against them in a non-violent way. Before King began to conduct the â€Å"l have a Dream† portion of his speech he ensured the African American people that their efforts had not taken place in vain and that they should not give up hope for better days! Dr. King began his speech by telling his audience that his dream is deeply rooted in the sought-after American Dream14. King mentions this because he wants America’s people to believe the vales, morals, and core roots on which America was established. It was important to him to continuously advocate his never-ending hope that African Americans would obtain the American Dream, Just as other American citizens of other races had done. In his speech, Dr. King mentions how all men are created equal and how the color of one’s skin should not factor into one’s ability to obtain equality. Martin Luther King Jr. phasizes that â€Å"one day little black and white children will Join hands and be as brothers and sistersl 5. † Although he refers to only two primary races, his words can be applied to children of all races. He references children because they are the future and ultimately look to them to become the generation of change. King recites the lyrics to â€Å"My c ountry Tis of Thee† because he wanted to clearly deliver the message that America is supposed to be a land of freedom and opportunities for all. By using one of America’s most prominent, national songs, King showcased that he had not lost faith in America as a whole.

American Jail Systems

The American jail system is said to be one of the most overcrowded in the world something that hampers the rehabilitation process of the offenders. Due to this fact, managing jails have become an uphill task. The American government in trying to make these systems to be effective has come up with a plan of building more prisons and jails but this has also proved to be ineffective. For this reason, this system incarcerating offenders has greatly been criticized. It is nit the best way of controlling crime infact, there is not any evidence that proves that is so.Because of this it should be replaced with other alternative methods such as community service, parole, death penalty and putting them in rehabilitation institutions such as probation schools. According to a report that was released by the Bureau for Justice Statistics revealed that in US, the number of prisoners has almost doubled recently and this has been witnessed even in the past period. For example in 1996, there was an i ncrease in the number of inmates in United States by 55,900 criminals and by the end of that year; the carrying capacity was already exceeded by 16-24 percent.The most affected prisons were the federal ones which had a 25 percent increase of inmates. Today despite the fact that the US government has constructed more and more prisons the problem still persists as the jails are still overcrowded. There are dangers that are associated with overcrowding and some of these are; escape attempts increase, the states’ budget is further strained, the prisons become understaffed this is because the inmates – staff ratio goes down as the number of prisoners outdo that of the staff.Overcrowding in prisons leads to the release of unhabilitated dangerous criminals before their due period is over. This causes these criminals to turn to be recidivists for they are released before they have completed their jail term. (Romano J. 1991) This problem has a domino effect on other government sectors for example the tax payers become overburdened with taxes so that the government can meet the need of those imprisoned though they are considered as social misfits and yet this money could be used in other sectors that of the government that are in dire need of financial assistance.These are institutions such as hospitals, schools, libraries and parks that are in dire need of assistance. The government spends a lot of money in building more jails in an effort to address the issue of overcrowding for example in 1992 it spent 94 US Dollars on civil and criminal justice. (Cornell, G. December 1, 1990) This domino effect results because when overcrowding becomes a common thing, the effectiveness in correcting the behaviors of the offenders goes down. Many people repeat the same mistakes and end up in the same jails.This tends to overburdening of the prosecutors, juries, public defendants and other support agencies. The overburdening of cases leads results to commitment of seriou s mistakes in the judicial execution process something that causes dissatisfaction, anger and tension to the citizens. In turn, this results to them committing even more crimes. The overcrowding problem in the uni9ted States is caused by the high rate of recidivism which is caused by ineffectiveness of the jail systems. There are various correctional methods that if used then 5the rate of recidivism would scaled down.This could be achieved if and only if the issue of overcrowding is properly addressed and this cannot be solved by building more prisons and jails as this has already proved not to be effective in the past. The best way forward is to use other alternative correctional methods such as community service, fines, parole, counseling the offenders, use of more harsh punishments and finally use of capital sentence punishment rather than life sentence. I believe the future of reforming criminals lies with other alternative methods but not in incarcerations.One effective method that should be used is assigning offenders to the community service. If some of the offenders who are taken to the prisons and yet they have not committed some serious crimes are given some work to do in the society, the rate of overcrowding in the prisons would be reduced. This is based on the fact that some offenders who are convicted with very minor charges end up in jails and that is why in US today there are about two million people in jails and this number keeps increasing.By assigning offenders to community service will not only help the government in resolving the problem of overcrowding but will also help in cutting the cost it spends on hiring people to work in hospitals, cleaning streets and slashing grass on the compound. This would be beneficial in that these offenders would do that work there by helping the government to save some money. Another method is use of parole. This is a system where by the first offenders who are convicted of committing small mistakes instead of them being jailed, they are released on condition that they would not repeat the same mistakes.Though they are released they are closely monitored by the government officials who are assigned to them just to monitor their moves. If it is noted that they are not keeping the promise, then they should be arrested and imprisoned. (Marek M. K. 2004). The other method that should be used as an alternative method to incarceration would be the use of capital sentence as opposed to the current system of life sentence. Most states in the United States do not advocate for capital sentence but if other methods have proved not to be ineffective then it should be used as the last option.The prison statutes should be amended to allow die hard criminals such as robbers, rapists, murders and terrorists to be executed. If this is implemented then the current stalemate would be solved for once and for all. Se of death sentence would be like killing two birds with one stone at the same time as the government would cut the cost that it spends on maintaining these prisoners would be reduced. Still another method that should be used as an alternative to incarceration is the use of fines.Offenders who are convicted of committing less serious crimes should instead of being incarcerated be fined heavily. This would address the problem of overcrowding and at the same time deter crimes. This is why the Hudson County has introduced use of fines as an effective means of collecting revenues as the traditional methods have proved to be ineffective. (Romano J. 1991) Counseling of offenders would also be an effective method of reducing overcrowding in the United States prisons. This method would also address the problem of recidivism.When the offenders are properly counseled they get reformed and the prospects of them repeating the same mistakes are reduced for many turn to crimes due to being frustrated in life. Indeed the American jail system has failed in correcting the behaviors of the offenders. These people are released when they are halfway reformed and that is why they turn to be recidivists. There are other alternative methods that are more effective than incarcerating prisoners that should be applied. If these are applied, then the problem of overcrowding and of recidivism would be addressed and the crime prevalence would go down.Reference: Cornell, G. December 1, 1990. Rehabilitation Statistics: Study on Effectiveness of Prison Ministries. The Wilson Daily Times. Accessed on Saturday, April 26, 2008 at http://www. prisonministry. org/stats. htm Marek M. K. 2004. Games Prisoners Play. Princeton University Press. Romano J. October 27, 1991. County Uses New Tactic On Criminals' Unpaid Fines. New York Times. Accessed on Saturday, April 26, 2008 at http://query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9D0CE7D8113DF934A15753C1 A967958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all

Rotana Strategic Human Resource Management Report

Rotana Strategic Human Resource Management Report Executive Summary Human resource is a solitary basis of competitive benefit and is mostly significant in the competitive milieu, which is advancing quickly. By way of facilitating the growth of particular firm capabilities, human resource might contribute to the continued firm’s competitive benefit.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Rotana Strategic Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, the formation of the links amid practicing human resource strategy, and the general business deliberate goals is the main concern of Rotana strategic human resource administration. The Rotana HR executives are capable of planning programmes because of the relationship between them and the organization employees. This will give rise to the accomplishment of the improved operational outcomes accruing from greater presentation in the corporation. In this context, it is possible to delineate the tactical human resource administration after accentuating the significance of human resources as a basis of competitive benefit. Introduction The businesses environs are swiftly changing to bring some variations characterized by specific economic phenomena. Among these phenomena, there are product marketplace rivalries that are continually cumulative, changing financier and consumer demands, as well as globalization. Thus, most organizations including Rotana necessitate for frequent development in performance to compete effectively in this competitive market setting. Actually, market presentation can be upgraded through improving the swiftness and efficiency in flea market, innovative procedures and products, increasing quality, and decreasing the costs of manufactured goods. The present day firms recognize human resource personnel as the utmost essential sources in the corporations’ structural composition. Several other sources of competitive advantage are becoming less powerful as they were initially. This accrues from the increasing significance attached to the employees, and the manner in which competitive advantage is executed by organizations.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To think through policy and human resource administrative issues for the growth of diverse HR reference framework, it is essential to be aware that there is a change in the source of competitive gain (Becker and Huselid 899). In fact, the provision of competitive gain can still be realized via economies of scale, protected bazaars, technological procedures, and products, which exist as the traditional basis for success. However, for the sustainability of organizations like Rotana, the HR administration remains a vital aspect. The function of human resource administration materializes to be moving up the chain of command. This is in line with the understanding that o rganizations find human resources very important. This paper highlights and discuses the significances of HR management and the manner in which these practices add value in an organization (Bjà ¶rkman and Lervik 325). Strategic Human Resource Management The acquisition as well as retention of well-motivated, dedicated, and experienced labor force is the main intention of the human resource administration in an organization. In fact, this brings about strides in developing and enhancing individuals’ intrinsic aptitudes besides assessing and satisfying their future wants. Moreover, the delivery of endless growth and learning opportunities support their employability, potential, and involvement (Boxall 267). The business requirements related to training and management development actions, selection, and staffing structural processes are also involved. Conversely, a fresh relative change in the meadow of human resource administration is represented with SHRM. Concerning the firm ’s presentation, the schemes of human resource administration play a significant role as far as strategic human resource management is concerned. These systems emphasizes mainly on the orientation of human resource as a way of attaining competitive benefit. Therefore, a number of organizations are familiarizing themselves with practices and strategies of human resource. This awareness generally augments the monetary, quality, and output presentations in dissimilar organizational departments (Ahmad and Schroeder 21). The strategic retention and separation of employees as well as the type of turnover and retention usually depend on various factors (see the diagrams in the appendix).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Rotana Strategic Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More HR as a competitive benefit source Porter Michael placed the notion of competitive benefit into the difference of opinion. Competitive advantage ascends on or after the formation of consumers’ worth as Michael emphasizes. Such products and services are observed as being inimitable according to the industry thus emphasizes on viewing a specific product souk or purchaser group. Organizations like Rotana can then employ several outlines of nonspecific policies including focus, differentiation, and cost leadership to achieve competitive benefit. Essentially, the organizational presentation is affected by the ecological determining factors as stipulated in the extensively accepted Porter’s opinion (Batt 541). Conversely, the firms’ source of competitive benefit mainly lies in the application of respected package resources during the disposal of the firm as specified in the organizational resource-based outlook. The relations amid firm’s presentation, policies, and internal resources make the advantage derived from competition to differ. It differs from the strategic administration paradigm that focuses on environs according to this viewpoint. Through facilitating particular firm growth of capabilities, schemes of human resource according to resource-based viewpoint contributes to continued competitive benefit. To gain a competitive benefit, the inimitable competencies for administering human resource have attribute from the continued superior presentation in several corporations. However, this might contribute to disadvantaged competition and susceptibility supposed the schemes of human resource destroys the present and/or inhibit the growth of fresh capabilities (Becker and Huselid 900). The output of labor force is the fundamental in aspect of a healthy economy and lucrative corporation. It is essential for human resource to identify why triumph can readily not be imitated, but continued by rivals.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, success developing from effective administration of people in an organization is frequently not transparent or detectable as the basis. Certainly, the soft flank of business is laid off occasionally that it might be elaborated through culture and the way people are oriented as well as the effects of this on their skills and manners (Boxall 267). The way individuals are coped frequently fits in a system hence it is hard to understand the dynamic forces of a corporation and how it functions even when there is no dismissal (see diagrams in appendix). Hence, it is problematic copying much stuff but then it is again easy to copy one thing. For the corporation to sustain and achieve competitive benefit, the human resource management needs to accomplish several objectives. The company must gain the peoples’ commitment to the standards and missions of the organization. Secondly, the corporation must strive to encourage enthusiastic commitment to organizational functions (Cab rera and Bonache 54). For the business triumph, remuneration, appraisal, and inspiration of workers’ manners, the firm needs to describe the desired behaviors. Moreover, the organization necessitates taking strides to improve and obtain intellectual capital through recognizing the knowledge desirable for consumer satisfaction and meet the set objectives. Lastly, the organization by augmenting skills and aligning the aptitude to administrative objectives, it must invest in people through the reinforcement and introduction of education procedures to gain and sustain competitive advantage (Boxall 268). Therefore, it is significant to comprehend the relationship amid business policy and human resource administration to realize all these objectives. How strategic management add value to the Rotana chain of hotels Researches indicate that the current labor market is more competitive and getting the right employee with the right skills is not easy. The greatest challenge organizatio n faces not only Rotana but also equally corporations or firms in the industry, is how to make potential employees acknowledge that the organization is the best place to work. In addition, the organization human resources management faces difficulties in bringing the best interviewee through appointment and employment process. However, the organization ensures that its best employees are retained by ensuring that they understand the firm’s goals and are committed to attain those goals (Ahmad and Schroeder 21). Besides, the company retains its best employees through motivation and providing a friendly work environment as well as structures that enable employees to give their full potential. The organization acknowledges the importance of effective management of human resources in the current swiftly and exceedingly competitive environment. The human resources department fully understands that effective discovery and management of the employees are critical to the success of th e organization. The organization top management understands that infusing the right mind-set and conduct in employees is the only way through which the organization can lead in the market place. Management can add value when they help junior employees attain the organization as well as personal goals (Arthur and Boyles 78). It is about what the employees and the organization gains from the human resources policies that have been put in place. In essence, the company human resources department will not pursue and encourage activities that do not add value to the success of the company. In other words, the human resources pursues its value propositions, which are practices that produce positive results for the company key stakeholders including employees, customers, line managers and shareholders. In Rotana, managing human resources is understood as an activity that contributes positive value to the key stakeholders (Boswell 1490). The organization human resources management has moved from supervisory tasks and operation administration to strategic function in order to contribute positively to the organization results. Managing diversity in employees The company HR has succeeded because it has taken into consideration work place diversity. In this context, work place diversity refers to the ways through which individual employees differ. Indeed work place diversity includes both organizational-related and personal attributes. The human resources management has ensured that each individual cultural values and attributes are harnessed with the organizational goals. This has enabled the company to produce superior problem solving strategies, ensured creativity among employees and increased quality decision-making (Aryee 237). This has translated into improved services to the company clients as well as increased market share. Appropriate management of workplace diversity has resulted into increased competitive advantage to the firm. The company human resources have also undertaken proactive diversity management strategies in its employee management to add value to the outcomes of the individuals. In fact, strategies that the company has undertaken to improve individual outcome and job satisfaction have contributed hugely to the organization. The strong foundation in values such as equity, respect, and fairness has helped the company to tap into the values of diversity (Carmeli and Schaubroeck 392). Improvements in individual successes have trickled down to the group processes and outcomes that in effect have benefitted the company. Recommendations The HR department should add more value to the company by encouraging innovativeness in employees as well as implementing innovations. In addition, the HR department should prioritize the improvement of the overall company productivity. Moreover, there should be a genuine partnership between the department and line managers. This partnership should be aimed at dealing with low morale of employees, wh ich in effect have negative impact on the competitive success of the company. Besides, the HR department of the company should focus on the cost reduction strategies as well as tapping into the expertise and technology to improve human resources services. Cost reductions will in turn free more resources that can be used to sustain and realize the general business strategies. Generally, the human resources sector ought to introduce programs that will advance the productivity of the recruits, efficiency, and fulfillment. In essence, the company value should be added through the pursuit of aggressive goals, developing and implementing innovation productivity, creation of more products and services that are new as well as applications and ideas. Moreover, the company should become customer oriented, helping customers attain their needs and goals, as well as linking the human resources plans with the needs of the customers. In addition, Human resources management should add more value to the company by ensuring that the right qualification and caliber of existing employees are maintained. In additions, the employees’ skills and qualifications, job descriptions and profiles should much the job roles. Additionally, the HR division ought to make certain that the recruits guidelines and measures are without fail adhered to all over the corporation. The HR must also ensure that the staff ratios are in line with the projected costs of the project. This will make certain that the corporation utilizes simply the precise number of recruits it necessitates and in unison retains the corporations’ profitability limits, which give rise to continuous practicability of the corporation. The HR unit ought to make certain that the in-house workforce shifts are accomplished well and in a reasonable style. For instance, the employee selection and promotion is done equitably and fairly using similar criteria. This guarantees that the exact groups are appointed and are end orsed to hold higher positions, which consecutively boosts the efficacy in task accomplishments and amplified competence in delivering the assigned tasks. Mode of payment should also be based on the modes that enhance fairness and equitability. The remunerations base should be reviewed on a yearly basis taking into considerations the state of the economy, skills, and positions among other factors. Conclusion Strategic human resources management provides tools that the organization can use to leverage the employees value as well as other stakeholders to improve their performance. One of the tools is effective diversity management. Productive diversity management of employees forms the foundations for managing employees, which underpins the competitive advantage in the international market place. In many ways, managing diversity improves the firms’ decision-making process and increases the level of competitiveness in the global markets. In fact, through strategic management of Rotana human resources, the firm will be able to make workforces potentially aware that the organization is the best workplace. For instance, strategic human resource management will enable Rotana to attract only the unsurpassed applicants via the hiring and recruitment processes besides having the capacity to retain a significant portion of the employees (see appendix). When Rotana successfully manages the human resources, the employees might be able to understand the corporation’s goals and remain committed towards accomplishing them. However, this can only be realized through the provision of structures and environment that motivates the employees to offer the best services. Thus, in the current vastly aggressive and swiftly varying marketplace setting, the premeditated tasks played by the corporation’s human resources aid in ensuring the malfunction or sensation of a business. Ahmad, Sohel, and Schroeder, Roger. â€Å"The Impact of Human Resource Management Pract ices on Operational Performance: Recognizing Country and Industry Differences.† Journal of Operations Management, 21.1 (2003): 19−43. Print. Arthur, Jeffrey, and Boyles Trish. â€Å"Validating the Human Resource System Structure: A Levels-Based Strategic HRM Approach.† Human Resource Management Review, 17.1 (2007): 77−92. Print. Aryee, Samuel. â€Å"Developing and Leveraging Human Capital Resource to Promote Service Quality: Testing a Theory of Performance.† Journal of Management January, 23.1 (2013): 234-256. Print. Batt, Rosemary. â€Å"Strategic Segmentation in Front-Line Services: Matching Customers, Employees, and Human Resource Systems.† International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11.3 (2000): 540−561. Print. Becker, Brian, and Huselid, Mark. â€Å"Strategic Human Resources Management: Where do we go from here?† Journal of Management, 32.6 (2006): 898−925. Print. Bjà ¶rkman, Ingmar and Lervik, Jon. â€Å"Trans ferring HR Practices within Multinational Corporations.† Human Resource Management Journal, 17.4 (2007): 320−335. Print. Boswell, Wendy. â€Å"Aligning Employees with the Organizations Strategic Objectives: Out of ‘Line of Sight’, out of Mind.† International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17.9 (2006): 1489−1511. Print. Boxall, Peter. â€Å"Achieving Competitive Advantage Through Human Resource Strategy: Towards a Theory of Industry Dynamics.† Human Resource Management Review, 8.3 (1998): 265−288. Print. Cabrera, Elizabeth, and Bonache, Jaime. â€Å"An Expert HR System for Aligning Organizational Culture and Strategy.† Human Resource Planning, 22.1 (1999): 51−60. Print. Carmeli, Abraham, and Schaubroeck, John. How Leveraging Human Resource Capital with its Competitive Distinctiveness Enhances the Performance of Commercial and Public Organizations. Human Resource Management, 44.4 (2005): 391−412. Print. Appen dix Strategic Retention and Separation of Employee Type of Employee turnover + Retention